Focusing on the early Christian writings and their social world
These pages are intended as a resource for serious, scholarly studies of the early Christian writings and their social world.
If you have references you think I should have included, please report them to me by clicking here and write your message. Thanks to all who have provided me with links!
This page is compiled by Torrey Seland,
Professor of New Testament Studies, School of Mission and Theology,
Misjonsveien 34.
4024 Stavanger. Norway.
The inclusion of a specific link does not necessarily mean an endorsement of its content, but suggests that it may be well worthy of some consideration.
Bible texts || Translations Multi-language sites || Other English Bible sites || European Translations (minus English) || East Asian Translations || Other translations || Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha || Qumran texts || Josephus || Philo of Alexandria || Gnostica || Gospel of Judas || Gospel of Thomas ||"Classical" texts || Rabbinica || Church Fathers || Papyrological info ||Linguistics resources || Conference Sites || General linguistics || Textual Criticism || Learning Greek on the Web || Lexica || Libraries || Publishers and Booksellers || Back to Main page
This web-site focus primarily on the New Testament and related writings, not the Hebrew Bible/The Old Testament, but here are some sites that focus on the latter:
Ancient Abbreviations
Over the years, scholars have developed a number of schemes for abbreviating the names of ancient authors and the titles of their works. These schemes were designed to help scholars and their editors save space in the text of scholarly articles and books. This series of abbreviations pages is designed to help you figure out abbreviations you may have encountered.
A Hebrew - English Bible
According to the Masoretic Text and the JPS 1917 Edition.
Die Bibel, Versuch einer Einführung.
iTanakh. Resources for Academic Study. "iTanakh was begun in June 2000 as an effort to index internet resources that might be of use in the academic study and teaching of the Hebrew Bible. iTanakh is designed to help everyone from undergraduates to professors emeriti find useful sites on the web." iTanakh is maintained by R. Christopher Heard.
Old Testament Gateway will focus on resources that will be of interest to both scholars and students of the Old Testament. You will require Adobe Acrobat to enable reading some of the articles.
ISATEX:
Informations-Stelle für Alt-Testamentliche Exegese.
ISATEX bietet Informationen
zum Alten Testament und seinen Nachbargebieten - unter wissenschaftlichen Kriterien
ausgewählt.
Links
to national Bible Society websites.
This regularly-updated page contains links
to national Bible Society’s own websites (where these are officially online).
Any site not in English is clearly indicated.
PaleoJudaaica. A weblog on ancient Judaism and its context. Operated by Jim Davila, St. Andrews, England.
QuotationFinder. QuotationFinder allows you to find quotations and allusions in the TLG CD-ROM (Thesaurus Linguae Graecae) and the CLCLT CD-ROM (CETEDOC Library of Christian Latin Texts).
Bible texts, translations and
related texts
Bible Texts:
Biblon
2000 project.
This project is the work of David Harley. Its overall aim is
to try and make use of some of the newer features of the main web browsers to
create an on-line version of the Greek New Testament. Have a look! Australian
URL here.
Institut für
neutestamentliche
Textforschung, Münster
This page has a link to their new 'Novum Testamentum Graece: Editio critica maior',and "Im Rahmen dieses DFG-Projektes werden die überlieferungsgeschichtlich wichtigen Handschriften des griechischen Neuen Testaments transkribiert und ihre Varianten in einem vollständigen kritischen Apparat erschlossen. Die Publikation von Transkripten und Apparat werden im Internet und auf CD-ROM erfolgen."
The
Greek New Testament;
Westcott-Hort text from 1881, combined with the NA26/27
variants.
The Greek New Testament according
to the Byzantine Text form.
Dowloadable texts. Also in pdf format here.
Home
of the Greek Bible.
A site comprising The New Testament, The Old Testament,
Patristic Commentaries, Apocrypha, Studies and Tools, it also contains some articles.
http://www.gospel.gr/
Modern Greek New
Testament Texts. To view this site you need to download and use Greek unicode
fonts.
The Greek New Testament
at Perseus. Morphologically linked to the Perseus database.
Translations
Septuagint (Greek Old Testament/Hebrew Bible)
The Septuagint (abbr. LXX) is the main Greek translation of the Old Testament. Most New Testament writers seem to have quoted from some LXX version when using the socalled Old Testament. Hence, to all students of the New testament, the LXX is an extremely important source of understanding the New Testament too. For more info about the LXX, se Page Two.
The Septuagint. Theological and Academic Resources for the Study of the Septuagint and Old Greek Versions.
The Septuagint LXX:
Greek and English by Sir Lancelot C.L. Brenton Published by Samuel Bagster & Sons, Ltd., London, 1851.
The Septuagint in Greek and French: La Septante
The texts are presented in parallell columns, the Greek is given in beautiful letters, very readable.The french is obvious taken from several sources
New English Translation of the Septuagint.
NETS is a new translation of the Greek Jewish Scriptures, entitled A New English Translation of the Septuagint and the Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included Under that Title (and abbreviated as NETS). This project is being carried out under the aegis of The International Organization for Septuagint and Cognate Studies (IOSCS).
Guide to Vulgate on-line.
InterNet Bible Texts: Vulgate (compiled by R.A.Kraft 11 June 1998)
Vulgate
from Bible Gateway.
The NetBible.
The New English Translation, also known as the NET Bible, is a completely new translation of the Bible, not a revision or an update of a previous English version. It was completed by more than twenty biblical scholars who worked directly from the best currently available Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek texts.
TheOnlineBible.com 69 Bibles in nearly every language:From Albanian, Bulgarian, Cebuano and Chinese to Swahili, Thai, Uma, Ukranian and Vietnamese... And of course, English, German, Spanish, French and Italian
The HTML Bible
Several Bible translations available online, downladable or both.
Bible: King James Version,
including the Apocrypha.
Oremus Bible Browser,
provides a simple interface to the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible.
The
Five Gospels Paralells;
Edited by John W. Marshall, Ph.D. 1996, 1997, 1998.
European Translations (minus English)
Bibelen
The "official" Norwegian translation, issued by Det
norske Bibelselskapet.
Bibelen 1930
Norwegian Bible, revised version from 1930. Searchable for verses and passages.
Links can be made to verses and passages too, and this web pages provide access
to several translations and even some dictionaries. lick here
for the frames version.
Bibeln
Swedish translation from 1917.
Svenska FolkBibeln. Alternative translation. You can read more about it here.
The most recent Danish translation. From Det danske Bibelskab.
Den danske Bibelen i 1933 utgaven.
(only the Old Testament), see the whole Biblehere.
Dutch bible, originally published in 1637, modernized in 1977. Contains also the Apocrypha and many works of art.
Unrevised LutherBibel.
Unrevised Luther Version of 1545 (The German Bible, Textus Receptus type).
Revised LutherBibel 1984.
Die Bibel nach der Übersetzung Martin Luthers in der revidierten Fassung von 1984.
Genfer Bibel (German).
Die Bibel - Übersetzung von Franz Eugen Schlachter. Neue Überarbeitung 1951 durch die Genfer Bibelgesellschaft
Slovakian Bible & Concordance.
See further information on the web page.
La Bibbia in italiano in Internet. Su questo sito troverai molti strumenti gratuiti per lo studio della Sacra Bibbia on line.
Czech
Bible of Kralice
The first translation from original languages by Unitas
Fratrum (later known as Moravian Church) 1579-1593. This document is available
in Czech language only.
Die
Elberfelder Bibel.
®1985 R. Brockhaus Verlag.
La Sacra Bibbia & la Concordanza on line
Hyper-Bibla.
Hyper-Biblia is a Russian-language hypertext Bible that runs on the Web under
Netscape 2.0, Internet Explorer 3.0, (or higher) or any compatible Web browser
that uses "frames". Needs Cyrillic fonts.
Slavonic
Bible,
available on CD.
Vietnamian translation
Further info, see here.
Tamil translation
Tamil Bible (Holy Bible in Tamil.)
Afrikaans.
Bibel translation, South Africa.
Audio Bible.
The King James Version narrated by Alexander Scourby. Listen in on your PC; needs
Real Audio,
but that's downloadable for free.
The
Net Bible,
the new Net Bible.
Post
Modern Bible.
"This site is a project -, currently we are working on Amos.
The dream is to deal also with other biblical books, but that needs other biblical
scholars to join the party.".
The
Original Bible Project.
The Original Bible Project is a non-profit, IRS tax-emempt
organization. Professor James D. Tabor of the University of NorthCarolina at Charlotte
is the Chief Editor. Dr. Robert L. Kuhn is Chairman of the Board, with Robert
D. Ellsworth serving as business and promotion manager.
Color
Coded Luke
; Blue = Q material (Q); Red= Mark (Mk);Orange = Luke's Special
Material (L)
SemanticBible
The SemanticBible is an emerging exploration of new applications of markup and computational linguistic technology to the study of Scripture, with an emphasis on practical tools that encourage understanding and personal transformation.
Related Texts:
Religious texts; General Collections
Religious
and Sacred texts.
An extensive collection, including the Bible and related
texts.
Pseudepigrapha, Apocrypha and Sacred Writings
Internet Sacred Text
Archive.
A lot of texts related to the Bible.
The Online critical Pseudepigrapha.
The Online Critical Pseudepigrapha News (blog).
Apocalyptic Literature. A Collection of Texts.
Arbeitshilfen für das Studium der Pseudepigraphen. ASP (= Arbeitshilfen für das Studium der Pseudepigraphen) ist ein Projekt des Instituts für Neues Testament an der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig und wird gegenwärtig betrieben von Jens Herzer (ordentl. Prof. für NT an der Theologischen Fakultät), Christfried Böttrich (außerordentl. Prof. ebd.) und Thomas Knittel (Promovend am Institut).
The
Septuagint
Theological and Academic Resources for the Study of the Septuagint
and Old Greek Versions.
Comprehensive site on the New Testament Apocrypha
Christian Apocrypha.
A page
dedicated to the scholarly investigation of Christian Apocrypha in association
with the Christian Apocrypha Section of the Society of Biblical Literature.
Lilith.
Texts
and resources.
The Secret Gospel of Mark Homepage
CCAT Gopher Archive of Religious
texts
.The CCAT Gopher Archive of Religious texts (University of Pennsylvania).
The Gospel of Judas, a webpage by National Geographic.
The Gospel of Judas; the entire text in English translation.
The Gospel of Judas; the Coptic Text.
Gospel
of Thomas
A Gospel of Thomas Homepage, by Stevan Davies. It also contains
several GThomas related web links.
The Coptic Gospel of Thomas, saying-by-saying.
Gospel of Thomas Commentary
This site explores modern interpretations of the Gospel according to Thomas, by gathering comments from various scholars.
Grondin's Interlinear Coptic/English translation of the Gospel of Thomas.
Stephen Patterson and Marvin Meyer, The "Scholars' Translation" of the Gospel of Thomas
Thomas-evangeliet
Danish translation.
Das
Thomasevangelium (NHC II,2)
German translation.
The Open Scrolls project. An effort to bring all the published texts online in English and available to anyone with an internet connection.
On-Line Texts Related to Biblical Study: Dead Sea Scrolls
Qumran, a scandinavian info-site about Qumran.
Nordic network in Qumran Studies.
The Nordic Network in Qumran Studies is sponsored by The Nordic Academy for Advanced Studies (NorFA).
Great
Isaiah Scroll.
Photo copies of the scroll pages.
The Orion Center for the study of dead sea Scrolls and related literature.
The Works of Josephus
New Resources For The Study of Josephus.
Josephus Resources. Bibliographies, articles, reviews.
Josephus
Project Magen
Broshi, The Credibility of Josephus. Steve
Mason, Nomos
in Josephus
See Page
Four of these resource pages!
Metalogos;
La Bibliotheque Copte de Nag Hammadi. English end French version.
The
Nag Hammadi Library.
A resource center for independent research related to Nag Hammadi Codex II.
Bibel
der Häretiker.
Old and
modern Gnosticism
Texts at the Perseus
site.
The Internet
Classics Archive The
Romulus Project:
Electronic
Resources for Classicists: The Second Generation. Loeb
Classical Library
The Ancient Library, Scanned classical works, Lexica and texts.
Ancient
Greek Literature. Apuleius, Apology. Marcus
Tullius Cicero Homepage
Pliny, d.e., The Natural History
Project Gutenberg Presents Plutarch's Lives The
History of Herodotus
Plutarch
Lives. Tacitus,
The Histories. Thucydides,
The History of the
Peloponnesian War.
International Organization
for Targumic Studies A
Talmud Page.
The Hypertext Halacha: The
Taylor-Schechter Genizah Research Unit
A Midrash Bibliography, from Hebrew Union College - Jewish Institute of Religion.
Apostolic Fathers; The
Fathers of the Church, Guide
to Early Church Documents This hypertext document contains pointers to Internet-accessible files relating to the early church, including canonical documents, creeds, the writings of the Apostolic Fathers and other historical texts relevant to church history. Early
Christian Writings; The Early Church Fathers. Patrologia
latina The Patrologia Latina Database is an electronic version of the first edition of Jacques-Paul Migne's Patrologia Latina, published between 1844 and 1855, and the four volumes of indexes published between 1862 and 1865. The Patrologia Latina comprises the works of the Church Fathers from Tertullian in 200 AD to the death of Pope Innocent III in 1216.Access to the full site for trial users and subscribers with passwords only!
Nordisk Patristisk Bibliografi.
K.C. Hanson, Catalogue of New Testament Papyri & Codices 2nd—10th Centuries
Ppapyri Oxyrhynchus,
Papyrological
Resources in Perseus Papyrology
info
Duke Papyrus Archive Archive
of Papers and Watermarks in Greek manuscripts. Marriage
& Divorce Papyri of the ancient Greek, Roman and Jewish world, Young Kyu Kim, Palaeographical
Dating of p46 to the Later First Century
Conference
Site B-Greek
Home Page On Bible translation; Interpreting
Ancient Manuscripts Web. Thesaurus Lingua Graecae: The
TLG data bank Semantics
of Ancient Hebrew Database Biblical
Institute of Fribourg University
Kraft, Robert A. Continuities and Discontinuities in the Transitions
from Jewish to Christian Scribal Practices
An Online Textual Commentary
on the Greek Gospels. by Wieland Willker.
Codex Vaticanus B/03 Comments: Wieland Willker.
Institut für
neutestamentliche
Textforschung, Münster
The Encyclopedia of New Testament Textual Criticism. TC:
A Journal of Biblical Textual Criticism
Greek
Grammar. Differences
Between Classical and Hellenistic Greek. Enchiridion: Learn Ancient Greek.
; The
old Whiston translation.
by Prof. Joseph Sievers, Pontifical Biblical Institute, Rome.
Announcing the first comprehensive commentary in English to the works
of Josephus, with a new English translation. The commentary will strive for a
balance between historical/ archaeological and philological concerns.
This
article first appeared in Journal of Jewish Studies: Essays in Honor of Yigael
Yadin in 1982 by the Oxford Centre for Postgraduate Hebrew Studies.
The Ecumenical Coptic
Project (Athens) is non-profit and non-sectarian, distributing scholarly editions
of the Nag Hammadi Gospels.
Search the text of all files in The Nag Hammadi Library
section of the Gnostic Society Library for keywords or phrases of interest.
Die gnostischen Schriften aus Nag Hammadi. Eingeleitet, übersetzt
und kommentiert von Gerd Lüdemann und Martina Janßen.
: A somewhat "curious" collection of information about both
old and modern gnosticism.
Perseus contains several texts in Greek and in English translation.
In addition there are several other items available as Liddell-Scott Lexicon,
word search and morphological analysis.
Note on using Perseus:
When
using Netscape browser, remember that you
can have several Netscape-windows open at the same time. It is thus possible to
have a Greek text in one, and the English translation in another. In addition,
you might have Liddell-Scott in a third window. Just call up the preferred Greek
text in one, resize the window by dragging its borders so it fit one half of your
screen,then use the left menyline FILE to open another window (click on New Web
Browser), call up the English translation, and resize that to the other half of
your screen. Then repeat this step, calling up Liddell-Scott, and have a small
window open at the bottom of your screen. Then you have a nice screen for your
studies.
; collection of almost 400 classical Greek and Roman texts
(in English translation) with user-provided commentary.
An Electronic Library of Latin Literature with Virtual Commentary.
of classical works.
Containing texts of Aesop, Aeschylus, Aristophanes, Euripides,
Herodotus, Homer, Sophocles, and Thucydides (most of them i zipped packages).
This web site is a part of an experiment in philology, pedagogy, and scholarly
discourse. The text at hand is the Apologia of Apuleius.
Editions and translations: English (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.) -from Perseus.
by Herodotus. Written 440 B.C. Translated By George Rawlinson.
Very large file! From the Gutenberg Etext Project.
Info about the Talmud.
The Hypertext Halacha is a translation of the Shulchan
Aruch and Mishna Berurah as distributed by Project Genesis over the halacha-yomi
list, coordinated by Rabbi Yaakov Menken (menken@torah.org). The translation is
done by a team of volunteers; each is credited at the end of the chapter or the
following one.
at the University of Cambridge.
the Greek text of the Apostolic Fathers, based upon the Loeb edition.
alphabetical by author, with links to their works.
a compilation of resources to the earliest christian writings
These files are 1.5 to 3.5 MB each. Because of this and because the text paragraphs
are not wrapped, you will probably have to download them to your system and read
them with a word processor. A windows-based word processor is preferable because
some special characters from the Windows character set are used.
the online version of the exhibition Oxyrhynchus: A City and its Texts, celebrating a hundred years of publication of The Oxyrhynchus Papyri
; The Perseus Project is pleased to host the WWW version
of the Duke Data Bank of Documentary Papyri (DDBDP), an electronic edition of
nearly 500 papyrus volumes.
: Some service pages for professional papyrologists as well as other
interested people.
The papyrus home page of the Special Collections Library
at Duke University.
I include this here as it may
be of interest to some even though it is most related to studies in Patristics.
It is connected to the The Mount
Athos Greek Manuscripts Catalog:
The Philotheou Monastery Project, © Robert
W. Allison, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, U.S.A. and The Patriarchal Institute
for Patristic Studies, Thessaloniki, Greece.
Every published
Greek, Roman and Jewish marriage contract and divorce deed is collected here,
from the 4th C BCE to the 4th C CE. Each text is presented in its original language,
with references to English translations, other online texts, and online images
of the papyrus.
Linguistics
resources
B-Greek is an electronic conference designed to foster communication
concerning the scholarly study of the Greek Bible. Anyone interested in studying
the Greek New Testament text is invited to subscribe, but the list will assume
at least a working knowledge of Biblical Greek. The archives can be found here.
some explanations of aspects of Bible translations.
The main focus of this web is on the process used
to study the ancient manuscripts upon which the New Testament is based. While
the language discussed is Greek, almost everything is explained with transliterations
into English and, where applicable, translations from standard English Bibles.
now contains virtually all ancient Greek texts surviving from
the period between Homer (8th century B.C.E.) and 600 C.E., plus historiographical,
lexicographical, and scholiastic texts deriving from the period between 600 and
1453.
: A project that will concentrate on the language
of all texts in Ancient Hebrew: the Hebrew Bible, the Ancient Hebrew inscriptions,
the Hebrew text of Ben Sira and the Hebrew Qumran texts.
, including reference to the the new edition
of the Biblia Hebraica, iconography and the Bible, the corpus of stamp
seals from Israel/Palestine (Neolithic to Persian period), and "Orte und Landschaften
der Bibel."
This page has a link to their new 'Novum Testamentum Graece: Editio critica maior',and "Im Rahmen dieses DFG-Projektes werden die überlieferungsgeschichtlich wichtigen Handschriften des griechischen Neuen Testaments transkribiert und ihre Varianten in einem vollständigen kritischen Apparat erschlossen. Die Publikation von Transkripten und Apparat werden im Internet und auf CD-ROM erfolgen."
Conceived by Rich Elliot
of Simon Greenleaf University. The Encyclopedia attempts to cover all aspects
of New Testament Textual Criticism in an orderly and fair fashion.
; check this announcement.
Much helpful info about Greek fonts, lexica, and grammar courses.
A Quick Introduction by Jay C. Treat.
A User friendly Guide for reading Ancient Greek.
Lexica
A Web of On-line Dictionaries..
Svensk-Gresk, og Gresk-Svensk leksikon.
Liddell-Scott-Jones Lexicon of Classical Greek (from Perseus site)
Liddell & Scott Intermediate Lexicon of Classical Greek (from Perseus)
Morphological
Analysis
, from the Perseus database.
Frequencies
of Greek Words
, also from the Perseus 2.0 database.
A
Glossary of Rhetorical Terms
with examples.
Rhetoric
and Composition:
This Web page is intended to list a variety of resources
useful to rhetoricians.
ATLA:
American Theological Library Association
BIBSYS
The main Norwegian University Library
Library of Congress WWW Home Page
Melvyl; University of California system
Lund Theological Books, Cambridge, England.
Judaica Libraries and Archives on the Web
A useful "one-stop reference to the web pages of research-level Judaica collections in libraries and archives."
The
Association of American University Presses
Click here
to get a page listing a lot of publishers around the world.
Amazon Com, USA
Amazon Com, England
Amazon Com, Germany
Amazon Com, France
Amazon Com, Japan
Dove Booksellers; Biblical & Ancient Studies.
Wissenschaftliche
Buchgesellschaft.
Darmtstadt, Germany.
Haugen Bok,
Volda, Norway
Lund Theological Books, Cambridge, England.
This page was last updated: March 31. 2008.